![]() ![]() For instance, while the evolution of cooperation might be hard to obtain from standard conditions of individual-level selection, the imposition of particular environmental structures, specifically configured as ecological scaffolds, render such transitions considerably more likely (Black et al. Here, scientists are interested in examining how particular types of changes in the environment can result in otherwise unlikely evolutionary changes in populations (whether of conspecifics or of multispecies communities). ![]() In recent years, the terms “scaffold” and “scaffolding” have made their way into evolutionary biology. In this sense, scaffolds assist agents in achieving learning outcomes that they would be incapable of (or, minimally, have difficulty) accomplishing on their own. These resources help the agent deploy or acquire a set of skills and competencies that might otherwise be beyond them. For these psychologists, scaffolds are resources that are exploited by agents to accomplish a learning task or solve a problem. Lev Vygotsky ( 1978) has been credited as a pioneer in this regard (Reiser and Tabak 2014), while the work of Mark Bickhard ( 1992) is often used as the main source for discussing developmental scaffolds and their role in human development. The scientific use of “scaffold” first gained traction in developmental psychology. Nevertheless, it is unclear what these contexts have in common and whether the term “scaffold” plays a robust explanatory role or is merely an evocative metaphor. 2014 Chiu and Gilbert 2015 Love and Wimsatt 2019). Alongside this ordinary use, the term “scaffold” appears in a variety of scientific contexts, such as ecology, developmental psychology, cognitive science, biotechnology, and cultural studies (Bickhard 1992 Clark 1997 Sterelny 2003 Caporael et al. These structures are typically temporary and enable workers to complete tasks that would otherwise be beyond their reach, or, at least, much more difficult or time-consuming. In ordinary language, scaffolds commonly refer to physical structures that help workers to build, clean, and repair buildings. ![]()
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